arcp-1
CO2 avoidance
Aggregation behavior
Coding,
Deletion
N
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Beets I; Zhang G; Fenk LA ; et al. (2019)
Natural Variation in a Dendritic Scaffold Protein Remodels Experience-Dependent Plasticity by Alteri[...]
GP00002067
CELE_F34D10.6
C6KRH4
Behavior
Behavior
8 bp deletion (mfP22) in the open reading frame N
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species) D
arcp-1
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
avpr1a
Male sexual fidelity (monogamous regime)
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Microtus ochrogaster
prairie vole - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Okhovat M; Berrio A; Wallace G ; et al. (2015)
Sexual fidelity trade-offs promote regulatory variation in the prairie vole brain.
1 Additional References
GP00000129
Avpr1a
Q62463
Behavior
unknown
Microtus ochrogaster
prairie vole - (species)
Microtus ochrogaster
prairie vole - (species)
avpr1a
Microtus ochrogaster
prairie vole - (species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)
Pain sensitivity
Cis-regulatory,
SNP
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Nackley AG; Shabalina SA; Tchivileva IE ; et al. (2006)
Human catechol-O-methyltransferase haplotypes modulate protein expression by altering mRNA secondary[...]
GP00000171
COMT
P21964
Behavior
G/C - The synonymous mutation(s) affect mRNA stability and loop structures
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
Catecholamines up
Bristle number
Lifespan
Locomotor activity
Sleep
Coding,
Unknown
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Carbone MA; Jordan KW; Lyman RF ; et al. (2006)
Phenotypic variation and natural selection at catsup, a pleiotropic quantitative trait gene in Droso[...]
1 Additional References
GP00000172
Catsup
Q9V3A4
Morphology
Physiology
Behavior
Behavior
unknown; but most large-effect variants appear to be coding
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Catecholamines up
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
DMRT3
Gait (ability to pace)
Coding,
SNP
N
Equus caballus
horse - (species)
Domesticated
Linkage Mapping
Andersson LS; Larhammar M; Memic F ; et al. (2012)
Mutations in DMRT3 affect locomotion in horses and spinal circuit function in mice.
1 Additional References
GP00000230
DMRT3
F6W2R2
Behavior
g.22999655C>A p.S301* Premature stop codon (Ser301Stop) resulting in truncated protein: a single base change at nucleotide position chr23:22999655 causing a premature stop at codon 301 in DMRT3 (DMRT3_Ser301STOP). The allele is expected to encode a truncated protein lacking 1 N
Equus caballus
horse - (species)
Equus caballus
horse - (species)
DMRT3
Equus caballus
horse - (species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
egl-4 (Ppa-egl-4)
Insect pheromone attraction
Unknown,
Unknown
Pristionchus pacificus
(species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Hong RL; Witte H; Sommer RJ (2008)
Natural variation in Pristionchus pacificus insect pheromone attraction involves the protein kinase [...]
GP00000260
egl-4
O76360
Behavior
unknown
Pristionchus pacificus
(species)
Pristionchus pacificus
(species)
egl-4 (Ppa-egl-4)
Pristionchus pacificus
(species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
ESR1
Aggression behavior
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Zonotrichia albicollis
white-throated sparrow - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Merritt JR; Grogan KE; Zinzow-Kramer WM ; et al. (2020)
A supergene-linked estrogen receptor drives alternative phenotypes in a polymorphic songbird.
GP00002440
Esr1
P19785
Behavior
Increase in expression of the gene in the white-striped morph. Differential allelic expression in heterozygotes.
Zonotrichia albicollis
white-throated sparrow - (species)
Zonotrichia albicollis
white-throated sparrow - (species) D
ESR1
Zonotrichia albicollis
white-throated sparrow - (species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
exp-1
Aggregation behavior
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Bendesky A; Pitts J; Rockman MV ; et al. (2012)
Long-range regulatory polymorphisms affecting a GABA receptor constitute a quantitative trait locus [...]
GP00000300
exp-1
G5ECJ0
Behavior
unidentified; 6.2kb wide genetic interval 3' of the exp-1 gene
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
exp-1
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
FAAH
Anxiety (fear reduction)
Coding,
SNP
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Dincheva I; Drysdale AT; Hartley CA ; et al. (2015)
FAAH genetic variation enhances fronto-amygdala function in mouse and human.
GP00000301
Faah
P97612
Behavior
Pro129Thr (C385A; common variant rs324420)
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
FAAH
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
Fas2
Pupation site choice
Unknown,
Unknown
Drosophila simulans
(species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Pischedda A; Shahandeh MP; Turner TL (2020)
The Loci of Behavioral Evolution: Evidence That Fas2 and tilB Underlie Differences in Pupation Site [...]
GP00002345
Fas2
P34082
Behavior
Gene identified via deficiency mapping. RNAi in D. melanogaster leads to pupae pupating closer to the food.
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Drosophila simulans
(species)
Fas2
Drosophila simulans
(species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
follistatin
Limb morphology (wing dimorphism)
Flight behavior (wing dimorphism)
Gene Amplification,
Insertion
Acyrthosiphon pisum
pea aphid - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Li B; Bickel RD; Parker BJ ; et al. (2020)
A large genomic insertion containing a duplicated follistatin gene is linked to the pea aphid male w[...]
GP00002138
Fs
Q86NV3
Morphology
Behavior
the api allele from winged males is a 120kb insertion that includes a copy of the follistatin gene
Acyrthosiphon pisum
pea aphid - (species)
Acyrthosiphon pisum
pea aphid - (species) D
follistatin
Acyrthosiphon pisum
pea aphid - (species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
February 9, 2021 22:00
foraging
Food-search behavior
Cis-regulatory,
SNP
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Osborne KA; Robichon A; Burgess E ; et al. (1997)
Natural behavior polymorphism due to a cGMP-dependent protein kinase of Drosophila.
2 Additional References
GP00000350
for
Q03043
Behavior
The fors (sitter) and forR (rover) alleles differ in a SNP that lies within a predicted Mad protein-binding site in a region upstream of the pr4 transcription start site. The SNP is a C in fors and an A in forR (the latter is predicted to reduce Mad protein binding).
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
foraging
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
foraging
Food-search behavior
Unknown,
Unknown
Sesamia nonagrioides
Mediterranean corn borer - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Chardonnet F; Capdevielle-Dulac C; Chouquet B ; et al. (2014)
Food searching behaviour of a Lepidoptera pest species is modulated by the foraging gene polymorphis[...]
GP00002619
for
Q03043
Behavior
Association between a coding SNP in foraging gene and foraging activity. But not clear whether the causal mutation is this one.
Sesamia nonagrioides
Mediterranean corn borer - (species)
Sesamia nonagrioides
Mediterranean corn borer - (species)
foraging
Sesamia nonagrioides
Mediterranean corn borer - (species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
FoxP2
Gene expression change (transcriptional targets)
Coding,
SNP
Homo sapiens
human - (species) D
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Konopka G; Bomar JM; Winden K ; et al. (2009)
Human-specific transcriptional regulation of CNS development genes by FOXP2.
1 Additional References
GP00000353
FOXP2
O15409
Behavior
2 aa changes (T303N and N325S) resulting in changes of the regulated transcriptional targets in a human neuron cell line. Speculatively; these changes could be associated with language skills but these connections with null-mutant phenotypes are dubious - whether one or both mutations are required is unknown
Pan troglodytes
chimpanzee - (species)
Homo sapiens
human - (species) D
FoxP2
Homo sapiens
human - (species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
glb-5
CO2 avoidance
Aggregation behavior
Coding,
Indel
N
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
McGrath PT; Rockman MV; Zimmer M ; et al. (2009)
Quantitative mapping of a digenic behavioral trait implicates globin variation in C. elegans sensory[...]
2 Additional References
GP00000399
glb-5
A3RMS5
Behavior
Behavior
765bp insertion/duplication resulting in a truncation of the last 179 amino acids of the protein and the inclusion of 40 different residues N
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species) D
glb-5
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
HECW-1
Pathogen avoidance
Coding,
SNP
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Chang HC; Paek J; Kim DH (2011)
Natural polymorphisms in C. elegans HECW-1 E3 ligase affect pathogen avoidance behaviour.
GP00000452
hecw-1
G5EEJ0
Behavior
Y322C
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
HECW-1
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
HECW-1
Pathogen avoidance
Coding,
SNP
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Chang HC; Paek J; Kim DH (2011)
Natural polymorphisms in C. elegans HECW-1 E3 ligase affect pathogen avoidance behaviour.
GP00000453
hecw-1
G5EEJ0
Behavior
Q325P
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
HECW-1
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
LOC105383139
Courtship behavior
Other,
Insertion
Lepidoptera
butterflies and moths - (order) D
Intergeneric or Higher
Association Mapping
Li Y; Liu Z; Liu C ; et al. (2022)
HGT is widespread in insects and contributes to male courtship in lepidopterans.
GP00002412
Behavior
Horizontal Gene Transfer from Listeria bacteria to Lepidoptera of an entire gene coding region. The gene contains an alcohol dehydrogenase domain and a zinc-binding dehydrogenase domain.
Trichoptera
caddisflies - (order)
Lepidoptera
butterflies and moths - (order) D
LOC105383139
Lepidoptera
butterflies and moths - (order)
Published - Accepted by Curator
MC4R
Feeding behavior
Coding,
SNP
Astyanax mexicanus
Mexican tetra - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Aspiras AC; Rohner N; Martineau B ; et al. (2015)
Melanocortin 4 receptor mutations contribute to the adaptation of cavefish to nutrient-poor conditio[...]
GP00000637
mc4r
B0V1P1
Behavior
Gly145Ser (candidate mutation)
Astyanax mexicanus
Mexican tetra - (species)
Astyanax mexicanus
Mexican tetra - (species)
MC4R
Astyanax mexicanus
Mexican tetra - (species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
npr-1
Aggregation behavior
Foraging behavior
CO2 avoidance
Pathogen avoidance
Fertility (competitive fitness)
Coding,
SNP
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
de Bono M; Bargmann CI (1998)
Natural variation in a neuropeptide Y receptor homolog modifies social behavior and food response in[...]
5 Additional References
GP00000739
npr-1
Q18534
Behavior
Behavior
Behavior
Behavior
Behavior; Physiology
Val215Phe (pleiotropic; see other entries)
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
npr-1
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
Odorant receptor 3 (OR3)
Olfactory behavior (pheromone)
Coding,
SNP
Ostrinia furnacalis
Asian corn borer - (species)
Interspecific
Candidate Gene
Leary GP; Allen JE; Bunger PL ; et al. (2012)
Single mutation to a sex pheromone receptor provides adaptive specificity between closely related mo[...]
GP00000749
OR3
D3J5H6
Behavior
A148T
Ostrinia nubilalis
European corn borer - (species)
Ostrinia furnacalis
Asian corn borer - (species)
Odorant receptor 3 (OR3)
Ostrinia furnacalis
Asian corn borer - (species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
Period (per)
Courtship song
Coding,
SNP
Drosophila simulans
(species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Wheeler DA; Kyriacou CP; Greenacre ML ; et al. (1991)
Molecular transfer of a species-specific behavior from Drosophila simulans to Drosophila melanogaste[...]
3 Additional References
GP00000860
per
P07663
Behavior
A121T and/or K125R and/or E165D and /or V224A
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Drosophila simulans
(species)
Period (per)
Drosophila simulans
(species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
Period (per)
Locomotor activity (temperature sensitivity)
Coding,
Indel
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Intraspecific
Candidate Gene
Sawyer LA; Hennessy JM; Peixoto AA ; et al. (1997)
Natural variation in a Drosophila clock gene and temperature compensation.
GP00002002
per
P07663
Behavior
repeat (Thr-Gly) either 17 times or 20 times within the protein coding sequence
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Period (per)
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
plep-1
Male-male copulatory behavior
Coding,
SNP
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Noble LM; Chang AS; McNelis D ; et al. (2015)
Natural Variation in plep-1 Causes Male-Male Copulatory Behavior in C. elegans.
GP00000897
plep-1
A0A0K3AR66
Behavior
V278D
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species) D
plep-1
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
Regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2)
Anxiety
Unknown,
Unknown
Mus musculus
house mouse - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Yalcin B; Willis-Owen SA; Fullerton J ; et al. (2004)
Genetic dissection of a behavioral quantitative trait locus shows that Rgs2 modulates anxiety in mic[...]
GP00000967
Rgs2
O08849
Behavior
unknown
Mus musculus
house mouse - (species)
Mus musculus
house mouse - (species)
Regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2)
Mus musculus
house mouse - (species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
RORB
gait (saltatorial locomotion)
Coding,
SNP
Oryctolagus cuniculus
rabbit - (species) D
Domesticated
Association Mapping
Carneiro M; Vieillard J; Andrade P ; et al. (2021)
A loss-of-function mutation in RORB disrupts saltatorial locomotion in rabbits.
GP00002343
RORB
F1PET8
Behavior
a change from GT to AT in the 5’ donor site of intron 9 (chr1: 61,103,503bp). The mutation disrupts the normal splicing of RORB.
Oryctolagus cuniculus
rabbit - (species)
Oryctolagus cuniculus
rabbit - (species) D
RORB
Oryctolagus cuniculus
rabbit - (species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
slowpoke (slo)
Courtship song (sine song frequency)
Cis-regulatory,
Insertion
Drosophila simulans
(species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Ding Y; Berrocal A; Morita T ; et al. (2016)
Natural courtship song variation caused by an intronic retroelement in an ion channel gene.
GP00001066
slo
Q03720
Behavior
6.7kb "Shelder" retroelement insertion in slowpoke intron; with effect on splicing
Drosophila simulans
(species)
Drosophila simulans
(species) D
slowpoke (slo)
Drosophila simulans
(species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
syntaxin1a
Eusociality
Cis-regulatory,
Unknown
Lasioglossum albipes
(species) D
Intraspecific
Association Mapping
Kocher SD; Mallarino R; Rubin BER ; et al. (2018)
The genetic basis of a social polymorphism in halictid bees.
GP00002624
Syx1A
Q24547
Behavior
Increased expression in eusocial individuals compared to solitary individuals
Lasioglossum albipes
(species)
Lasioglossum albipes
(species) D
syntaxin1a
Lasioglossum albipes
(species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
touch insensitive larva B (tilB)
Pupation site choice
Unknown,
Unknown
Drosophila simulans
(species)
Interspecific
Linkage Mapping
Pischedda A; Shahandeh MP; Turner TL (2020)
The Loci of Behavioral Evolution: Evidence That Fas2 and tilB Underlie Differences in Pupation Site [...]
GP00002344
tilB
Q9VR52
Behavior
Gene identified via deficiency mapping. Gene more highly expressed in D. melanogaster than in D. simulans. RNAi in D. melanogaster leads to pupae pupating closer to the food.
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Drosophila simulans
(species)
touch insensitive larva B (tilB)
Drosophila simulans
(species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
Tyramine receptor 3
Exploration decision
Unknown,
Unknown
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Bendesky A; Tsunozaki M; Rockman MV ; et al. (2011)
Catecholamine receptor polymorphisms affect decision-making in C. elegans.
GP00001141
tyra-3
Q7JNP9
Behavior
Non-coding
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Tyramine receptor 3
Caenorhabditis elegans
(species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 46 (Usp46)
Escape behavior (immobility in inescapable situations)
Coding,
Deletion
Mus musculus
house mouse - (species) D
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Tomida S; Mamiya T; Sakamaki H ; et al. (2009)
Usp46 is a quantitative trait gene regulating mouse immobile behavior in the tail suspension and for[...]
GP00001159
Usp46
P62069
Behavior
1a.a. deletion
Mus musculus
house mouse - (species)
Mus musculus
house mouse - (species) D
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 46 (Usp46)
Mus musculus
house mouse - (species)
Published - Accepted by Curator
Vanaso / disc losts
Olfactory behavior
Unknown,
Unknown
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Intraspecific
Linkage Mapping
Fanara JJ; Robinson KO; Rollmann SM ; et al. (2002)
Vanaso is a candidate quantitative trait gene for Drosophila olfactory behavior.
GP00001164
dlt
Q8T626
Behavior
unknown
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Vanaso / disc losts
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly - (species)
Published - Accepted by Curator